The Motorcycle Anti-lock Brake System

The Motorcycle Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) prevents the wheels of a two-wheeled tire from locking in brake conditions.

 Based on information from the wheel speed sensors the ABS unit adjusts the brake fluid pressure to keep it from pulling and to avoid falling (e.g. ABS motorcycle helps the rider to maintain stability during braking and reduce stopping distance.

ABS is taken from cars, the latest ABS is the result of research, which focuses on the specifics of motorcycles in terms of size, weight, and performance. and ABS for all-new 125cc new motorcycles have been mandatory since 1 January 2016.

Basic foundation

Wheel speed sensors mounted on the front and rear wheels, constantly measure the rotational speed of each wheel and deliver this information to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). 

The ECU finds on the one hand that the reduction of one-wheel drive exceeds the limit and on the other hand that the brake slip, calculated based on the knowledge of both wheels rises by more than a certain percentage and enters the unstable zone.

These are indications of the great potential of the locking wheel. To counteract this inconvenience the ECU signs a hydraulic unit to hold or release pressure. 

After the signals indicate a return to a stable position, the pressure rises again. Previous models used a piston to control the liquid pressure. Many modern models control the pressure by quickly opening and closing the solenoid valves.

While the basic law and design have been transferred from the ABS passenger car, the general characteristics of the motorcycle should be considered during the development and use process. One factor is a change in the dynamics of a dynamic force during flight.

Compared to cars, wheel load changes are more difficult, which can lead to tire lift and fall over. This can be reinforced with a soft suspension. 

Some systems have rear wheels that remove the reduction functionality. When indications of the possible rear slope are detected, the system releases the brakes on the front wheel to counter this behavior.

Another difference is that in the case of a motorcycle the front wheel is more important for stability than the rear wheel. 

When the front wheel locks between 0.2-0.7s, it loses gyrostatic power and the motorcycle starts to slip because of the growing influence of the side forces operating on the tire contact line. The motorcycle starts to unravel and falls.

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

Piston Systems Pressure release on this System is achieved by moving a piston with a spring. 

When the pressure is to be released, the direct motor pulls back the plunger piston and opens up more liquid space. The system was used for example in ABS I (1988) and ABS II (1993) for BMW.

 The ABS II was different in size and the electrically controlled contour clutch was placed on the shaft instead of the plunger. 

Some migration sensors record the piston travel distance to allow the control unit to be a more precise regulation. Honda also uses the automotive switching system for Big Sports and Touring Bikes.

Valves and Pump Systems The main components that are part of the pressure fluctuations system are the solenoid inlet and the sales valves, pump, motor, and accumulators/dams. 

The number of valves vary from model to model due to the increased performance and number of brake channels. Based on the ECU input, the coils use inlet and outlet valves. 

During pressure release, the brake fluid is stored in the accumulators. In this open system, the fluid is returned to the brake circuit with a motor-driven pump that responds to the brake pedal.

Integrated Braking System (CBS)

Unlike cars, planes, or trains, the rear and front wheels of a motorcycle are controlled separately. 

If a passenger-only applies the brakes on one wheel, the brake wheel will usually lock faster than if both brakes were applied. 

The Combined Braking System, therefore, distributes the brakes on a non-slip brake to reduce the chances of locking, slowing down, and lowering the brake pitch.

With CBS [rear] one pressure brake applied to the rear brake (pedal) is applied simultaneously to the front wheel. 

The delay valve cuts the pressure to ensure that only when strong brakes are applied, pressure is also created on the front wheel. Honda installed its first CBS on the GL1200 in 1982.

Larger models with two front disks use a dual CBS System. The system was first installed on the Honda CBR1000F in 1993. 

Here, the front brake pressure is applied to the rear wheel and vice versa. When using a front oar, pressure is formed in 4 out of six pots on 2 calipers earlier.

The second master cylinder on the front wheel transfers the remaining pressure to the rear wheel with a balanced control valve and works for two to 3 workers. 

When power is applied strong brakes on the rear wheels are also distributed in 2 of the 6 front wheel jars. Most modern CBS's use front and rear weapons (and all pots) depending on the pre-loaded front and rear load rate.